Grup d'interès

Un grup d'interès és qualsevol persona, comunitat, grup o organització que tingui interès en el resultat d'un programa o un projecte, ja sigui com a resultat de ser afectats per aquest de manera positiva o negativa, o per ser capaç d'influir en l'activitat d'una manera positiva o de manera negativa.

Un grupo de interés es cualquier persona, comunidad, grupo u organización que tenga interés en el resultado de un programa o un proyecto, ya sea como resultado de ser afectados por ella de manera positiva o negativa, o por ser capaz de influir en la actividad de una manera positiva o de manera negativa.

A stakeholder is any individual, community, group, or organization with an interest in the outcome of a programme, or a project, either as a result of being affected by it positively or negatively, or by being able to influence the activity in a positive or negative way.

 

Edward Freeman (1983). Els grups d’interès es podem definir com: tots els col·lectius que es veuen afectats directament o indirectament pel desenvolupament de l’activitat empresarial de l'empresa i per tant, també tenen la capacitat d’afectar directament o indirectament el desenvolupament d’aquesta i que, alhora, tenen necessitats i formulen demandes que cal considerar per donar una resposta adequada. 

Richard T. De George “Business Ethics” (anys 90). Els grups d'interès són “aquells envers els que l’empresa té qualsevol obligació moral”

Pedro M. Sacia, “La empresa a contracorriente”. Els grups d'interès són “tots aquells grups que participaven, d'una o altra forma, en la vida de l’empresa”.

Stakeholder theory (Freeman)

Stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization. It was originally detailed by Freeman in the book Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, and identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation, and both describes and recommends methods by which management can give due regard to the interests of those groups. In short, it attempts play to address the "Principle of Who or What Really Counts."

In the traditional view of the firm, the shareholder view, the shareholders or stockholders are the owners of the company, and the firm has a binding fiduciary duty to put their needs first, to increase value for them. However, stakeholder theory argues that there are other parties involved, including governmental bodies, political groups, trade associations, trade unions, communities, financiers, suppliers, employees, and customers. Sometimes even competitors are counted as stakeholders - their status being derived from their capacity to affect the firm and its other morally legitimate stakeholders. The nature of what is a stakeholder is highly contested (Miles, 2012), with hundreds of definitions existing in the academic literature (Miles, 2011).

https://wrd.ir/R._Edward_Freeman